**Understanding Charley Horses**

Charley horses, sudden and painful muscle cramps, usually occur in the legs, especially the calves, and can strike during rest or sleep. These cramps are “involuntary contractions” that last from seconds to minutes, often causing temporary immobility and pain. While generally harmless, frequent charley horses can disrupt sleep and daily activities.

**Causes and Risk Factors**

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances—especially in potassium, magnesium, and calcium—often trigger charley horses. Other causes include overexertion, poor circulation, nerve compression, and lack of stretching. Pregnant women and older adults are particularly vulnerable due to body changes.

**Symptoms**

The main symptom is “sudden, sharp pain” in the affected muscle, often accompanied by a hard lump under the skin. After the cramp subsides, soreness or limited movement may linger.

**Prevention and Treatment**

Staying hydrated and maintaining a balanced diet rich in electrolytes can help prevent charley horses. Stretching, wearing proper shoes, and avoiding prolonged inactivity also reduce risk. For relief, try “stretching and massaging the cramped muscle” or applying heat. Staying hydrated is crucial during cramps.

**When to Seek Help**

Seek medical attention if cramps are frequent, severe, or accompanied by swelling or unusual symptoms. A doctor can help rule out underlying conditions like nerve issues or circulation problems.