A new study published in *The Journal of Immunology* suggests that a mother’s gut microbiome may influence autism risk in her children. Autism, according to the World Health Organization, affects communication, social skills, and is often linked to conditions like anxiety and ADHD.

Researchers at the University of Virginia focused on a molecule called IL-17a, known for its role in immune diseases like psoriasis. In mice, high IL-17a levels during pregnancy—triggered by certain gut bacteria—led to offspring showing autism-like behaviors. “When IL-17a was blocked early, both groups developed normally,” the study noted. But once the treatment stopped, the high-IL-17a group showed repetitive behaviors.

To strengthen their findings, scientists performed a fecal transplant, giving the inflammatory gut bacteria to healthy mice. These mice also developed autism-like symptoms, reinforcing the gut-brain link.

Lead researcher John Lukens emphasized caution, saying, “We don’t want to suppress IL-17a completely,” as it’s part of the immune system. More research is needed before applying this to humans.

Though the results are from animal studies, they shed light on how maternal gut health could impact brain development, potentially offering new paths for autism prevention.