Goosebumps are usually harmless and caused by cold, fear, or strong emotions. “They happen when small muscles at the base of hair follicles contract,” part of the body’s primitive survival response tied to adrenaline.

**Common Triggers**
They can appear due to cold temperatures, strong memories, or emotional reactions—like watching a scary movie or hearing powerful music.

**When to Worry**
If goosebumps appear without a clear reason, it may signal an underlying issue:

* *Nervous system disorders:* Conditions like epilepsy or MS can disrupt nerve function, causing random goosebumps along with symptoms like numbness or confusion.
* *Seizures:* Rare “piloerection seizures” cause goosebumps with blackouts or sensory changes.
* *Hormonal issues:* Tumors like pheochromocytomas can trigger adrenaline surges, leading to sweating, rapid heartbeat, and goosebumps.
* *Anxiety:* Panic attacks may produce unexplained goosebumps.
* *Skin conditions:* Keratosis pilaris can mimic goosebumps but is harmless.

**When to See a Doctor**
Seek help if goosebumps occur often without cause—especially if accompanied by “numbness, confusion, or mood changes,” or abnormal body temperature or heart rate.

**Bottom Line**
Most goosebumps are normal. But if frequent or paired with other symptoms, they might be a warning sign worth checking out.