Acne, or acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition caused when dead skin cells and oil clog hair follicles. It leads to blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and sometimes scarring. As the article says, “It primarily affects skin with a relatively high number of oil glands, including the face, upper part of the chest, and back.”

The appearance of acne can impact mental health, causing “lack of confidence, anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression.”

About 80% of acne cases are linked to genetics. “The roles of diet and cigarette smoking in the condition are unclear,” and contrary to popular belief, “neither cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight are associated with acne.”

Hormones called androgens also play a role by boosting sebum (oil) production in both males and females. Additionally, the overgrowth of a common skin bacterium, *Cutibacterium acnes*, can worsen the condition.

Although acne is widespread and often stubborn, understanding its root causes can help manage it more effectively.