Acne, or acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition that happens when dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles. It usually appears as blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and oily skin—mainly on the face, chest, and back. In some cases, it may leave scars and negatively affect mental health. As the article states, acne can lead to “lack of confidence, anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression.”
Around 80% of acne cases are caused by genetics. Hormones, especially androgens, play a key role by increasing oil (sebum) production. “In both sexes, hormones called androgens appear to be part of the underlying mechanism.”
A common contributor is the overgrowth of *Cutibacterium acnes*, a natural skin bacterium that can worsen inflammation. However, diet, smoking, cleanliness, and sun exposure are not proven causes.
While acne is often seen as a simple cosmetic issue, its emotional and physical effects can be serious.
