Acne, or acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition caused when dead skin cells and oil clog hair follicles. It often appears as blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and oily skin, mainly on the face, chest, and back. In some cases, it may cause scarring and affect mental health. As the article explains, “the resulting appearance can lead to lack of confidence, anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression.”

Genetics play a major role, with “susceptibility to acne primarily genetic in 80% of cases.” Hormones—especially androgens—also contribute by increasing oil (sebum) production.

Although many believe diet, smoking, cleanliness, or sunlight affect acne, “neither cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight are associated with acne.” A key player in breakouts is a skin bacterium called *Cutibacterium acnes*, which grows excessively in some individuals and worsens the condition.

Understanding these causes can help guide treatment and prevent unnecessary blame or stigma.