Your mouth can reveal early signs of health issues. “Lesions, discoloration, or swelling” on your gums or tongue may indicate anything from minor infections to serious conditions.

White patches might be leukoplakia, often caused by smoking or denture irritation. While usually harmless, it “can be a precursor to oral cancer.” Red patches may point to inflammation or infection and should be checked if they persist. Canker sores, linked to stress or vitamin deficiencies, usually heal on their own, but lasting ones (over two weeks) need attention.

Bad breath and bleeding gums often signal gum disease. “Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis,” which may cause tooth loss if untreated. A swollen or discolored tongue can indicate allergies or deficiencies in vitamin B12 or iron.

Cold sores, caused by HSV-1, are contagious and appear in stages: tingling, blistering, rupturing, and scabbing over 7–10 days. Triggers include stress, sun, or illness.

There’s no cure for cold sores, but antiviral creams and pain relievers can help. To prevent them, avoid sharing personal items and maintain good health. “See a doctor if outbreaks are severe or frequent.”