1. What They Are
Nocturnal leg cramps, or charley horses, are sudden, involuntary muscle spasms, usually in the calf but sometimes in the thighs. They “can strike without warning while you’re awake or asleep” and often resolve within 10 minutes, though soreness can last all day. Up to 60% of adults experience them, with women and older adults most affected.

2. Common Causes
While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, several factors contribute:

Foot position during sleep that shortens the calf muscles.

Sedentary lifestyle or lack of stretching.

Overexertion or excessive exercise.

Prolonged sitting or standing in improper positions.

Abnormal nerve activity.

3. Linked Health Conditions
Cramps may signal underlying issues such as pregnancy, flat feet, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular problems, or motor neuron disease.

4. Medication Risks
Certain medications, including diuretics and statins, are associated with a higher risk of leg cramps.

5. Managing Cramps
Stretching regularly, staying active, and adjusting sleep positions can help prevent cramps. Awareness of underlying conditions and medication side effects is also important.