Acne, also called acne vulgaris, is a chronic skin condition that develops when dead skin cells and natural oils clog hair follicles.

The condition often shows up as blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, or oily skin. In some cases, scarring may also occur.

It mainly affects areas rich in oil glands, such as the face, chest, and back. These visible symptoms can be distressing.

For many, acne impacts more than just appearance. It may cause loss of confidence, social anxiety, and low self-esteem. In severe cases, it can even contribute to depression.

Genetics play a major role in acne, with studies suggesting about 80% of cases are inherited. This makes some people naturally more prone to breakouts.

Other influences, such as diet and smoking, are still debated. However, research shows that acne is not linked to poor hygiene or exposure to sunlight.

Hormones, especially androgens, are a key factor. They stimulate excess oil production in the skin, which increases the likelihood of clogged pores.

Another important contributor is the overgrowth of the bacterium Cutibacterium acnes, a natural skin microbe that can worsen inflammation and trigger flare-ups.