Acne, or acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition caused when “dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair follicles.” It usually appears on areas with many oil glands, such as the face, chest, and back. Symptoms include blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and sometimes scarring. Beyond the physical signs, acne can impact mental health, leading to “lack of confidence, anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression.”

Genetics play the biggest role, with studies showing that “susceptibility to acne is primarily genetic in 80% of cases.” While many believe diet, smoking, or cleanliness affect the condition, evidence shows these links are unclear.

Hormones, particularly androgens, are also key in acne development. They stimulate oil glands, leading to “increased production of sebum,” which makes skin more prone to breakouts.

Another factor is the overgrowth of the bacterium “Cutibacterium acnes, which is present on the skin.” This bacteria can worsen inflammation and make acne more severe.

In summary, acne is common, often hereditary, and influenced by hormones and bacteria, rather than poor hygiene or sunlight exposure. Understanding these causes helps reduce stigma and guide better treatment.