Millions of Americans rely on SNAP to afford basic food needs, especially households with “children, seniors, or people with disabilities.” Rising living costs have increased dependence on the program, which often acts as a lifeline during “recessions, natural disasters, or periods of economic instability.” The new One Big Beautiful Bill Act marks one of the largest SNAP changes in decades.

A major change is the expansion of work rules for adults under 64. Supporters say it encourages employment and reduces long-term reliance on aid. Critics warn it could harm people who lack “reliable transportation, affordable childcare, or access to local job markets.” The debate reflects larger national tensions between promoting work and offering unconditional support.

Eligibility rules will also tighten. Some automatic exemptions will shrink, requiring more verification. While protections remain for people with “medical limitations and disabilities,” many low-income families may face new bureaucratic hurdles. These changes aim to reduce spending and improve oversight but may increase food insecurity for households with unstable income.

The Act shifts more administrative responsibility to states. Supporters say this creates flexibility and allows states to adapt to local needs. However, it may also create uneven access and strain state agencies, depending on their resources and management capacity.

The Congressional Budget Office projects the reforms will cut federal spending by “approximately $187 billion through 2034.” While fiscally significant, experts warn reduced support could deepen food insecurity and related health risks. The success of the reforms will depend on how well states and federal agencies protect vulnerable families while balancing budget goals.