Sweeping changes to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) will begin this November under the new One Big Beautiful Bill Act, marking one of the largest food-aid overhauls in decades. The Congressional Budget Office projects the bill will cut SNAP funding by “$187 billion through 2034,” a shift supporters call modernization but critics say could endanger millions of low-income families.

A major part of the law changes who qualifies for help. Eligibility rules will tighten, especially for adults without dependents, and states will take on more administrative responsibilities. Many states expect higher costs and complicated implementation as they adjust to the new system.

The CBO estimates that once all changes are in place, “roughly 2.4 million Americans will lose SNAP benefits in an average month.” Some will fail to meet new work rules, while others will be screened out by stricter income and documentation requirements.

Work requirements already limit benefits for adults who cannot verify “at least 80 hours of work per month.” The new law strengthens these rules and narrows exemptions, making it harder for certain recipients to keep receiving aid.

Supporters argue that tougher work standards promote independence and reduce long-term reliance on government programs. Opponents counter that many recipients already work in low-wage or unstable jobs and warn the rules could harm people dealing with irregular hours, childcare gaps, or health issues.

As November nears, states, advocates, and families are preparing for the shift, which is expected to reshape how millions access food assistance for years to come.