Sweeping reforms to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program will begin this November under the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, creating one of the most significant changes to federal food aid in years. The law aims to cut SNAP spending by “an estimated $187 billion through 2034”, signaling a long-term shift toward stricter rules, higher work expectations, and more responsibility for states. For millions who rely on food assistance, the changes will redefine how help is accessed and maintained.
According to the Congressional Budget Office, the law tightens eligibility standards and expands federal work rules for able-bodied adults without dependents. It also shifts more administrative costs to states, forcing them to build stronger compliance and reporting systems. These adjustments are expected to reshape the program’s reach and long-term sustainability.
The CBO estimates that “roughly 2.4 million Americans will lose access to SNAP benefits in an average month” once the reforms fully take effect. Those most affected include adults with unstable jobs, people in rural areas with limited work opportunities, and individuals whose income falls just above the new limits. Advocates warn that stricter rules could worsen food insecurity for vulnerable households.
A major change is the expanded work requirement: adults without dependents must now work or join qualifying activities for “at least 80 hours per month” to continue receiving benefits beyond the initial three months. Supporters call this a push toward independence, while critics argue it punishes people facing seasonal work, transportation barriers, or health challenges.
States will shoulder heavier administrative duties, from tracking work hours to processing appeals, which may strain budgets and staffing. As November approaches, families, agencies, and policymakers are preparing for a difficult transition.
