Acne, or *acne vulgaris*, is a long-term skin condition caused when dead skin cells and oil clog hair follicles. It often appears as blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and oily skin, mainly on the face, chest, and back. Severe cases may cause scarring and affect mental health, leading to “lack of confidence, anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression.”
Genetics play a major role—about **80% of acne cases are inherited**. The connection between acne and factors like diet or smoking remains unclear. Contrary to popular belief, “cleanliness nor exposure to sunlight” are not linked to acne.
Hormones called androgens, found in both sexes, increase sebum (oil) production and contribute to breakouts. Another key factor is the **bacteria *Cutibacterium acnes***, which grows excessively on the skin and worsens the condition.
Understanding these causes helps to reduce stigma and supports more effective treatment approaches.
