Acne, also called acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition that happens when dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles. It often shows up as “blackheads or whiteheads, pimples, oily skin, and possible scarring.” The condition mainly affects areas with many oil glands, such as the face, chest, and back. Its appearance can cause “lack of confidence, anxiety, reduced self-esteem, and, in extreme cases, depression.”

Genetics play a major role, with about “80% of cases” linked to hereditary factors. While diet and smoking may influence acne, research is still unclear. Cleanliness or exposure to sunlight are not causes.

Hormones also play a part, especially androgens, which “cause increased production of sebum.” Excess sebum clogs pores, leading to breakouts.

Another key factor is the bacterium *Cutibacterium acnes*, which naturally lives on the skin. When it grows excessively, it contributes to inflammation and worsening acne.

In short, acne is a common but complex skin condition shaped by genetics, hormones, and bacteria rather than hygiene or sun exposure.