The World Health Organization lists ischaemic heart disease as the leading cause of death worldwide, with 8.9 million deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2019. Research shows many people experience warning signs, called prodromal symptoms, days or months before a heart attack, but they are often overlooked.

These symptoms “include chest pain, chest heaviness, chest burning, palpitations, fatigue, sleep disturbance, shortness of breath (SOB), dizziness, anxiety, sudden heat or cold, back pain, and vomiting.”

Fatigue is common, described as being “extremely tired, sleepy, exhausted or lacking energy.” It often occurs when narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the heart.

Shortness of breath may appear when the lungs don’t receive enough oxygen. Experts warn: “If you or someone you know experiences shortness of breath it is for the best to consult a doctor because it may be a sign of a potential heart attack.”

Sudden weakness or poor circulation can also signal trouble, with pressure increasing until the attack itself happens.