Bruising occurs when tiny blood vessels under the skin break, causing blue or purple marks. “[Bruising happens] when small blood vessels beneath the skin break and leak blood into surrounding tissue,” explains Cleveland Clinic. Most bruises follow injuries, but unexplained bruises can signal underlying health issues.
Causes
Common reasons include medications that affect clotting (blood thinners, NSAIDs), age-related thinning skin, and nutrient deficiencies like vitamin C or K. “[Conditions like low platelets or clotting factor issues] may show as easy or spontaneous bruising,” notes Healthline. Liver disease or other organ problems can also contribute.
When to Worry
Seek medical advice if bruises appear “without any remembered injury,” are unusually large or frequent, slow to heal, or accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue or nosebleeds.
Treatments
For normal bruises, rest, ice, and elevation help. Correct nutrient deficiencies and review medications with a doctor. Serious underlying causes may require tests or medical intervention.
Prevention
Maintain a healthy diet, protect skin from injury, and monitor medications. “[If you notice changes—more bruises, bruises in new places, slower healing—don’t simply ignore them],” warns Marshfield Clinic.
