High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a widespread chronic condition affecting over a billion people worldwide. Often called the “silent killer,” it typically shows no symptoms while progressively damaging vital organs. Without early detection and management, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as “heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure, and heart disease.” Many people remain unaware they have it until a serious health crisis occurs.

Blood pressure measures the force of blood against artery walls, recorded as systolic (heart beating) over diastolic (heart resting) pressure. A healthy reading is around 120/80 mmHg, while readings consistently over 130/80 mmHg indicate hypertension. Prolonged high pressure forces the heart to work harder and can damage arteries, limiting blood flow to organs like the brain and kidneys.

Hypertension is influenced by several risk factors, including “poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol use, chronic stress, and family history.” Health conditions such as diabetes or kidney disorders can also contribute. In some cases, it is secondary to other medical issues like hormonal imbalances or organ dysfunction.

Since hypertension often shows no early symptoms, routine screening is essential, especially for people over 40 or those with risk factors. Early detection through regular monitoring can help prevent severe complications. Home monitoring devices provide a convenient way to track blood pressure between doctor visits.

Managing high blood pressure involves lifestyle changes and sometimes medication. Effective steps include following “a balanced, low-sodium diet,” exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco, limiting alcohol, and managing stress. Working closely with healthcare providers ensures the best outcomes, allowing individuals to lead “healthy, active lives and prevent long-term complications.”