The liver is a vital organ that filters toxins, produces bile, and stores nutrients, making it essential for overall health. When it struggles, the body often sends subtle signals. A common sign is discomfort or pain in the upper right abdomen, where the liver is located. Conditions like fatty liver disease, hepatitis, or cirrhosis can cause inflammation or enlargement, leading to pressure, aching, or sharp sensations.

Liver-related pain isn’t always limited to the abdomen. Because of nerve connections, it can spread to the upper right back or shoulder, a type of referred pain that may seem unrelated at first. In more advanced cases, fluid buildup in the abdomen, known as ascites, can cause swelling, bloating, and a feeling of heaviness or tightness.

Beyond pain, liver dysfunction can affect the body in other ways. Disrupted bile flow may lead to intense itching, especially on the hands and feet, while toxin buildup can contribute to joint discomfort and inflammation. Many people also experience ongoing fatigue, weakness, headaches, or mental fog, sometimes linked to hepatic encephalopathy.

Other warning signs include jaundice, which causes yellowing of the skin and eyes, along with dark urine, pale stools, or unexplained swelling. These symptoms can resemble other conditions, making them easy to overlook or misinterpret.

Anyone with persistent abdominal discomfort, unusual fatigue, or visible changes in skin or eye color should seek medical attention. Early evaluation can help identify the cause, prevent complications, and support long-term liver health.