Small, rough, circular spots on the soles of the feet are often called “fish eyes” because of their appearance. Although they may look like ordinary calluses, they can actually be plantar warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus enters the skin through tiny cuts, causing thickened, rough patches that can become uncomfortable when walking or standing.
**Plantar warts do not have roots**, despite the common belief that they grow deep into the skin like plants. Instead, the infected tissue extends into the skin under pressure from body weight. Small black dots may also appear inside the wart. These are tiny blood vessels containing clotted blood, not seeds or roots.
Plantar warts can be difficult to distinguish from calluses. Calluses usually develop because of repeated friction or pressure, while warts may interrupt the natural lines of the skin and contain black dots. They can also hurt when squeezed from the sides. The virus spreads through contaminated surfaces, particularly in warm, moist places such as public showers, swimming pools, and gym changing rooms. Walking barefoot in these areas increases the risk of infection.
Although plantar warts are generally harmless, they can cause discomfort and sometimes remain for months or years. Some disappear naturally when the immune system fights the virus, while others require treatment. Over-the-counter salicylic acid products and professional cryotherapy, which freezes the affected tissue, are common options. Larger or persistent warts may need additional medical care.
Prevention includes keeping feet clean and dry, wearing sandals in public showers, avoiding shared footwear and towels, and never picking or cutting suspected warts. If a spot becomes painful, spreads, bleeds, or is difficult to identify, consult a healthcare professional. People with diabetes, poor circulation, or reduced foot sensation should seek medical advice before attempting treatment. Recognizing the difference between a wart and a callus can help prevent complications and ensure appropriate care.
